Patent
application title: System and Method
of Control of the Terrestrial Climate and its Protection against Warming and Climatic
Catastrophes Caused by Warming such as Hurricanes
Inventors: Mark Hucko
Agents: Mark Hucko
Assignees:
Origin: BRATISLAVA, SK
IPC8 Class: AF24J308FI
USPC Class: 165 45
Abstract:
This system of the control and protection of the terrestrial climate
relies mainly on civilian airlines burning (preferably price-subsidized) sun-shading
(sun-blocking/sun-reflective) fuels in the high levels of the atmosphere in order to
reduce the intensity of the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. The use of
sun-blocking airline fuels for the protection of the Earth from solar radiation parallels
the use of sun-blocking skin-creams for the protection of the individual. The invention
parallels the cooling effect on the Earth's climate caused by major volcanic eruptions,
collisions of the Earth with asteroids, or the cooling effect one could expect after a
major nuclear war. This invention proposes the creation of a controlled mini "nuclear
winter", in other words of a cooling caused by the increased refraction of the
atmosphere or by the increased shading of the terrestrial surface by particulates in the
high levels of the atmosphere.
Claims:
1. Method of control of the terrestrial climate by using a
system of formulation and use of sun-shading aircraft fuels, formulation and spray-dusting
of sun-shading aerial sprays from aircraft, the regulated distribution of sun-shading
dust, spray and exhaust fumes in the upper reaches of die atmosphere mainly by commercial
or civilian aircraft;the use of aircraft and aircraft fuels to reduce the amount of solar
radiation reaching the Earth's surface, to stop or slow down the warming of the Earth's
climate, to cool the Earth's climate and to neutralize the effect of greenhouse gasses and
other factor upon the warming of the Earth's climate;the goal-oriented formulation of
aircraft fuels in such a way that their burning will produce sun-shading/sun-reflecting
exhaust;apart from the reformulation of aircraft fuels using standard ingredients in new
proportions, the addition of non-standard ingredients into aircraft fuels, in order to
increase the sun-shading/sun-reflecting of their exhaust;the use of civilian, commercial,
private and military aircraft for the aerials spray-dusting of other compounds with
sun-shading qualities;the installation of spray-dusting equipment on commercial, civilian,
private and military aircraft in order to use them for atmospheric spray-dusting of
sun-shading/sun-reflecting compoundsthe mandatory use of sun-shading aircraft fuels and
atmospheric sprays for just about all aircraft;the regulated use of various types of
sun-shading/sun-reflecting aircraft fuels and atmospheric sprays in such a way that the
ones with stronger sun-shading properties would be used in areas of low airplane traffic
and those with lower sun-shading properties in the areas of high airplane
traffic;quantification and assigning a sun-factor number to each airplane fuel and
sun-shading atmospheric spray depending upon their abilities to shade sunlight, in a
parallel way to skin-creams being assigned a sun-factor number;viewing and using
sun-shading aircraft fuels and sun-shading atmospheric sprays as a "sun-cream"
or "sun-block" for the planet Earth, parallel to sun-shading/sun-blocking
skin-creams,the use of aircraft and of sun-shading aircraft fuels and atmospheric sprays
for the reduction of die amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface--not only to stop
warming of die Earth's climate but also to moderate and regulate tropical storms and to
dampen the destructive force of tropical storms such as hurricanes, cyclones or
typhoons;the controlled and regulated burning of aircraft fuels whose exhaust fumes
increase the refraction of the atmosphere or the sun-shading of the terrestrial surface
and lead to a controlled mini "nuclear winter", in other words to the regulated
cooling of the terrestrial surface;the regulated scheduling of the use of various types of
sun-shading or non-sun-shading aircraft fuels on different routes, in different regions
and at different times, according to the weather conditions, season and the density of air
traffic in any particular area;to equip all high-flying aircraft with two separate
fuel-holding areas, one for non-sun-shading fuels, used during take-offs and landings, and
another for highly sun-shading fuels, used for flight in high levels of the atmosphere.
Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001]Application number 60941666, EFS-ID: 1833526, Confirmation Number 2585,
"System and Method of Control of the Terrestrial Climate and its Protection against
Warming and Hurricanes",
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002]Area of Technology
[0003]This invention touches upon the following areas of science and technology:
meteorology, environmental sciences, pollution control, chemistry, physics, biology, fuel
composition, crude oil refinement, air-traffic control, air-traffic routing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004]Theoretical causes of the warning of the terrestrial climate.
[0005]The most common theory behind the warming of the terrestrial climate is the
increased concentration of anthropogenic or greenhouse gasses (mainly of CO2) in the
atmosphere, due to human activities. Other less known claimed causes, are the interaction
of cosmic and solar radiation with the atmosphere or increase in solar radiation.
[0006]Current State of the Technology
[0007]Current efforts to control the climate, especially to limit the warming of
the Earth's climate due to the release of the greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere have
been in these areas:
[0008]Method 1. Limiting the use of all energy
[0009]Method 2. Limiting the fuel consumption of all hydrocarbon-fuel burning
vehicles.
[0010]Method 3. Switching from the burning of fossil fuels to other sources of
energy: nuclear, wind, water, etc.
[0011]Method 4. Promoting the use of renewable sources of energy, such as
bio-fuels, (even though this does not appear to help since the burning of bio-fuels also
produces greenhouse gasses.)
[0012]Method 5. The pumping of excess greenhouse gasses into underground storage
[0013]Method 6. Chemical binding, pulverizing and conversion of greenhouse gasses
into other compounds
[0014]The History
[0015]In the billions of years of Earth's history with passing eons the climate has
also changed. The main contributing factors to warning or cooling of the Earth's climate
have been the presence of greenhouse gasses, the intensity of solar radiation, volcanic
activity, asteroid collisions and the extent of forests and other CO2-binding vegetation.
[0016]Asteroid collisions have had generally a cooling effect on the Earth's
climate due to the release of large amount of particles (particulates) into the higher
levels of the atmosphere. There the particles have prevented a significant amount of
sunshine from reaching the Earth's surface and it is suspected that they caused a rapid
cooling of the climate which could have contributed to mass extinctions. Such rapid
cooling of the climate due to the high amount of dust in the higher layers of the
atmosphere is sometimes referred to as "nuclear winter" since it has been
projected that a nuclear war would also release a large amount of particulates and cause
rapid cooling of the Earth's atmosphere.
[0017]Volcanic activity has a dual effect on the climate. The initial volcanic
explosion ejects large amounts of particulates (dust) into the atmosphere and thus has a
cooling effect, as has been observed after several large volcanic explosions. However
along with dust, volcanic explosions also release large amounts of CO2, which has a
warming effect. So the initial cooling effect of the volcanic explosion is followed by the
warning effect due to the released CO2 into the atmosphere.
[0018]Amount of land vegetation, such as forests, has also a significant effect
upon the Earth's climate. It is suspected that the drastic reduction of the population in
Europe after the black plague epidemic has resulted in a lower wood consumption and
reforestation of the European continent. This reforestation has decreased the levels of
CO2 in the atmosphere and could have triggered the sudden cooling of the European
continent in the decades after the black plague.
[0019]In the early years of the third millennium the Earth's climate is under
influence from several factors which lead to the rapid warming of the climate and to the
melting of glaciers and polar ice caps. To this drastic climate change contribute mainly:
massive fossil fuel burning and deforestation.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0020]Not applicable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0021]This system of the control of the terrestrial climate and for the protection
of the terrestrial climate relies mainly on civilian airlines burning preferably
price-subsidized sun-shading fuel in the high levels of the atmosphere in order to reduce
the intensity of the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. This regulated burning
of fuels having sun-shading, sun-reflecting exhaust creates a controlled mini
"nuclear winter", or mini "ice-age" and cools the terrestrial climate
to the desired level. This invention has a quick and practically immediate effect upon the
Earth's climate and gives us more time to put into effect other measures to control the
production of anthropogenic gasses and to reduce the CO2 levels in the atmosphere. In
comparison to other proposals, this invention can be put into effect within months and
show practically immediate result--with minimal cost. The difference in cost between die
burning of regular or sun-shading fuels is minimal, and thus the main advantage of this
method is that it costs practically nothing. The minimal increase in costs to the airline
industry could be easily compensated with minor subsidies. All the other known proposals
for the control of the terrestrial climate rely on massive subsidies which could bankrupt
many economies and lead to a recession. This invention gives us a chance to save the
terrestrial climate and give us time to develop other sources of energy, such as fusion.
In fact this invention is the only viable alternative between sustained growth and
environmental control, or the melting of glaciers and polar ice fields combined with a
world recession and environmental catastrophe. This invention touches upon the following
areas of science and research: meteorology, environmental sciences, pollution control,
chemistry, physics, biology, fuel composition, crude oil refinement, air-traffic control,
air-traffic routing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022]Not applicable
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0023]The Fundamentals of this Invention
[0024]The main idea behind this invention is the compulsory and regulated use of
such types of aircraft fuels whose emissions have an increased ability to shade or reflect
solar radiation and to prevent a part of the solar radiation from reaching and warming of
the Earth's surface. Since by using sun-shading air-craft fuels airlines would be solving
the warning of the Earth's climate caused not only by air-traffic but by all industries,
such sun-shading aircraft fuels should be price-subsidized. Apart from the use of
sun-shading aircraft fuels as an alternative this invention also proposes direct dispersal
of other non-fuel sun-shading compounds in the high reaches of the atmosphere by high
flying aircraft using similar equipment as is being used by agricultural aircraft.
Regulatory organs would pay the full price of sun-shading compounds, subsidy the cost of
installation of spraying equipment as well as the cost of all air-flights during which
such aerial dispersal takes place. This relatively costly dispersal of sun-shading
aerosols in the atmosphere should be taken only in the extreme case. The preferable method
is the use of sun-shading fuels, which has only minimal costs.
[0025]All fossil fuel vehicles through their release of anthropogenic gasses (such
as CO2) into the atmosphere contribute to the warning of the Earth's climate. High-flying
jets eject into the higher layers of the atmosphere not only CO2 but also other pollutants
and particulates. It has been observed that airplane exhaust, due to its shading effect,
somewhat lowers the intensity of the solar radiation reaching the surface and
counterbalances the warming effects of the CO2 pollution and if properly used and
formulated could be a powerful tool against the warming of the Earth's climate. So
airplane traffic, instead of being a big problem due to its production of CO2 and of other
pollutants, could become the solution to the warning of the Earth's climate.
[0026]The evidence for the sun-shading (cooling) effect of the airplane exhaust is
widely available in the literature. The most obvious effects of the sun-shading power of
the airplane exhaust have been observed before, during and after sudden massive grounding
of airplanes due to labor stoppages, strikes or other reasons. At those times it was
possible to measure the difference between the presence and absence of the sun-shading
effect of the airplane exhaust. This difference was obvious even with the usage of normal
non-shading airplane fuels and it can be expected that this difference would be massive
with the compulsory usage of such hi-factor sun-shading airplane fuels. For example while
the United States government stopped the airplane traffic in die U.S. for several days
after the terrorist attack on the New York World Trade Center, it was accompanied by a
measurable increase in temperatures and solar radiation in the continental United States,
due to the absence of die airplane exhaust in the upper levels of the atmosphere. While
even the use of normal airplane fuels has shown itself to have drastic and powerful
influence upon the temperatures on tie Earth's surface, the effect of the regulated use of
sun-shading/sun-reflecting airplane fuels (having sun-shading/sun-reflecting exhaust
fumes) would be several times higher.
[0027]While in most parts of the Earth there has been a significant warming trend,
the central areas of the United States during the winter of 2006-2007 have observed a
cooling trend. This confirms and supports this invention, since the cooling trend in the
central areas of the United States, which is in direct contrast to the rest of the planet
was most likely caused by the presence of high levels of airplane exhaust in the upper
layers of the atmosphere. The upper layers of the atmosphere above the central areas of
the United States have some of the largest concentrations of airplane exhaust on Earth.
[0028]The recent trend in the formulation of airplane fuels has been in the
direction of clean burning fuels, while it is believed that it would be the best for the
environment. However the negative effects of the pollutants and of CO2 in the airplane
exhaust can be more than offset by the positive sun-shading effects of properly formulated
airplane exhaust. This invention proposes the production and planned use of sun-shading
airplane fuels and the dispersal of other sun-shading components in the upper layers of
the atmosphere by high-flying civilian and military aircraft.
[0029]The Practical Application
[0030]In praxis this method looks like this: Sun-shading properties of all airplane
fuels would be measured and all airplane fuels would be classified upon their sun-shading
effects, each having its own sun-shading factor, in the same way as sun-shading creams
have today. An international inter-governmental agency would regulate the use of various
types of airplane fuels on various routes. On routes with extremely high airplane traffic,
such as the central United States, the airplanes would use fuels with a low sun-shading
factor. On other routes, such as die coastal areas of the United States, the oceans, and
areas with low density of air-traffic would be mandated the use of airplane fuels with a
high sun-shading factor. This kind of regulated and mandated use of airplane fuels with
high/medium/low sun-shading (or sun-reflecting) factors would achieve within a few months
(!) a significant normalization of the Earth's climate, stop and even reverse the warming
of the terrestrial climate. One could even create a mini "nuclear winter" or a
mini ice-age.
[0031]Other Uses
[0032]Sun-shading aircraft fuels and aerial sprays could be also used for the
control of tropical storms, hurricanes typhoons, cyclones and other weather catastrophes.
By using sun-shading aircraft fuels and dispersing sun-shading sprays in the areas of and
around tropical storms (or potential storms) as well as in the areas of their path we
could reduce their intensity and their destructive force. Just a simple reduction of storm
intensity would drastically reduce storm-related damage and pay for all expenses.
[0033]Classification of Sun-Shading/Sun-Reflecting Airplane Fuels
[0034]There are many possible compositions of airplane fuels. Airplane fuels vary
in chemical composition and in the composition and quality of the resulting exhaust. Apart
from standard airplane fuels with sun-shading properties, other airplane fuels could be
developed which contain other non-standard additives which increase the sun-shading
properties (factor) of the airplane fuel exhaust. Should it be necessary, in addition to
the use of sun-shading airplane fuels, civilian and military aircraft could be mandated to
disperse directly other sun-shading/sun-reflecting compounds in the upper reaches of the
atmosphere.
[0035]Examples of Sun-Shading/Sun-Reflecting Airplane Fuels
[0036]Unlike the current trend which aims to reduce the particulate emissions from
the burning of hydrocarbon fuels by using carbonate and other additives, airplane fuels
with a high sun-shading factor would be those which contain a high level of particulate
emissions, sulfur and similar sun-reflecting/sun-shading components. Other non-standard
additives could be added to the airplane fuels to increase their sun-shading (sun-dimming)
properties even further. Attention has to be paid to the inertness of the airplane exhaust
upon the ozone layer. Fuels and additives which have a destructive effect upon the ozone
layer should not be used.
[0037]Examples of Practical Use of this Invention
[0038]Example 1: All existing aircraft fuels, most importantly turbine fuels, would
be tested and classified according to their abilities to shade/block solar radiation. An
international inter-governmental organization would regulate the use of different types of
aircraft fuels on different airline routes. Ideally, in order to reduce the negative
effects of this method upon tie environment to the minimum, airplanes would have two types
of fuels: standard fuel for take-off and landing, and sun-shading fuel for high-altitude
flights.
[0039]Example 2: In areas of very high density of airplane traffic, such as the
central areas of the United States, aircraft would use fuels with relatively low
sun-shading factor. This would prevent such unusually cold winters as was the winter of
2006-2007in that area.
[0040]Example 3: In coastal areas which have die influx of fresh air from die
oceans, on the oceans and in other areas with relatively low density of airplane traffic,
would be mandated the use of aircraft fuels with a high sun-factor, i.e. with a high
ability to block/shade/reflect/reduce the intensity of the solar radiation (solar energy)
reaching the Earth's surface. This type of regulated use of aircraft fuels or even
atmospheric sprays with low/medium/high ability to block /shade /reflect the solar
radiation could, in a relatively short time of several months, accomplish the
normalization of die terrestrial climates and stop or even reverse the warming of the
Earth.
[0041]Example 4: To make the use of sun-shading aircraft fuels and sun-shading
atmospheric sprays financially feasible for commercial airlines, regulatory organs would
determine the extent to which such sun-shading aircraft fuels would be subsidized or to
which extent they would subsidize those flights which would not only use sun-shading
aircraft fuels but which would, in addition to that, also spray-dust sun-shading
atmospheric sprays. It is necessary that such fuels and flights be subsidized since they
would solve not only the climatic problems caused by the air-transport industry but by all
industries.
[0042]Example 5: Sun-shading of the terrestrial surface could be used also to
dampen/weaken tropical storms (cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons..) and other weather-related
catastrophes. Tropical storms gain their energy from sun and any, even moderate reduction
of the solar radiation (solar energy) in the area of the storm and in its path through the
use of high-factor sun-shading aircraft fuels and atmospheric sprays could significantly
dampen its strength.
[0043]Example 5: This method of control of the terrestrial climate could be
compared to a controlled and induced mini nuclear winter, or a mini ice-age, i.e. the
cooling effects caused by the release of high amounts of sun-shading
/sun-blocking/sun-reflecting particulates into the higher layers of the atmosphere as
could be caused also by a nuclear war, collision of Earth with an asteroid or a major
volcanic eruption. Unlike a volcano, asteroid or a nuclear war, the gradual and controlled
release of particulates by high-flying aircraft can be regulated and controlled. While
aircraft have to use one or another type of fuel, choosing fuels which produce
sun-shading/sun-reflecting exhaust does not cost significantly more than using other
aircraft fuels. Thus the most revolutionary contribution of this invention, unlike other
proposals costing hundreds of billions of Euro/Dollars, is the low cost of control of the
terrestrial climate. This low-cost yet very quick and effective method of control of the
terrestrial warming cannot be compared to other massively expensive methods which would
take decades to achieve any significant changes in the climate, bankrupt economies and
cause wide-spread recessions.
[0044]Industrial Use
[0045]This method of control of terrestrial climate and the protection of the
terrestrial climate from warming is applicable in the entire world, in all countries of
the world, on all airports, for all airplanes for which exist or for which will be
developed sun-shading aircraft fuels. Contrary to other proposed methods of the control of
terrestrial climate, this method of regulation cf the terrestrial climate supports all
industrial development and growth, and massively supports the air-transportation and
airplane manufacturing industries while solving one of the most acute problems of our
times. While most scientists suspect the increased presence of the greenhouse gasses to be
the main cause of the warming of the Earth's atmosphere, there are also other, even
diametrically different opinions on this matter. This method works independent of the real
causes of the warming of the Earth's climate. By reducing the damage caused by storms and
other weather-related catastrophes, it would be a significant benefit for the insurance
industry.
[0046]Possible Side-Effects
[0047]This invention proposes the use of sun-shading aircraft fuels and sprays
which would be burned, respectively sprayed, in high levels of the atmosphere to reduce
the amount of solar radiation and heat reaching the Earth's surface. Since die burning of
aircraft fuels causes only a small fraction of all the CO2 release due to the burning of
fossil fuels and air-pollution, concerns that the usage of sun-shading aircraft fuels
would increase the pollution are not warranted. Compared to the huge contribution to the
control of die Earth's climate, the pollution caused by sun-shading aircraft fuels and
atmospheric sprays is insignificant. Of course by the formulation of sun-shading aircraft
fuels we should only attempt to increase die content of inert sun-shading components in
the emissions while keeping any ozone threatening pollutants to a minimum. Furthermore, in
order to reduce the negative effects of this method upon the environment to the minimum,
airplanes would have two types of fuels: standard fuel for take-off and landing, and
sun-shading fuel for high-altitude flights.
Read more: http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20090032214#ixzz0aEtu0ZUh
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